Wednesday, May 25, 2011

Transport


  
गाड
gaaDee
car
बस
bas
bus
टैक्सी
Taiksee
taxi
ट्रेन
Tren
train
हवाई जहाज़
havaaee jahaaz
aeroplane
विमान
vimaan
plane
साइकिल
saaikil
cycle
मोटर - साइकिल
moTar-saaikil
motorcycle
स्कूटर
skootar
scooter
रिक्शा
rikshaa
rikshaw
ऑटो
aTo
auto-rikshaw
टेम्पू
Tempoo
threewheeler
छकड़ा
chhakDa
cart
नाव
naav
boat
जहाज़
jahaaz
ship


                                                     
Road sign in New Delhi. Languages used: Hindi, English, Punjabi and Urdu


Hindi verbs 3 (Present Continous Tense)

Present Continuous Tense (-ing tense)


                                                          

Present continuous tense describes actions that are going on right now. They are the –ing tenses, such as “going”, “talking”, “travelling”, “painting”, “studying” etc. The present continuous tense is made out of a verb stem (a verb without –na ending),  rahaa/rahee/rahe and an auxiliary verb hoon/hai/hain. For example:

जाना
jaanaa
(infinitive with ending “-naa”)
जा
jaa
(verb stem without“-naa”)
रहा
rahaa
(word that gives the continuous’ sense)
हूँ
hoon
(auxiliary verb for 1st person)


Present continuous tense conjugation chart:


मैं जा रहा हूँ
main jaa rahaa hoon
I am going
मैं जा रही हूँ
main jaa rahee hoon
I am going.
आप जा रहे हैं
aap jaa rahe hain
You are going (polite)
आप जा रही हैं
aap jaa rahee hain
You are going  (polite)
तुम जा रहे हो
tum jaa rahe ho
You are going (friendly)
तुम जा रही हो
tum jaa rahee ho
You are going (friendly)
तू जा रहा है
too jaa rahaa hai
You are going (very informal)
तू जा रही है
too jaa rahee hai
You are going (very informal)
यह/वह जा रहा है
yah/vah jaa rahaa hai
He is going.
यह/वह जा रही है
yah/vah jaa rahee hai
She is going.


हम जा रहेँ हैं
ham jaa rahe hain
We are going.
हम जा रहे हैं
ham jaa rahe hain
We are going.
आप जा रहे हैं
aap jaa rahe hain
You are going (polite)
आप जा रही हैं
aao jaa rahee hain
You are going (polite)
तुम जा रहे हो
tum jaa rahe ho
You are going (friendly)
तुम जा रही हो
tum jaa rahee ho
You are going (friendly)
ये/वे जा रहे हैं
ye/ve jaa rahe hain
They are going.
ये/वे जा रही हैं  
ye/ve jaa rahee hain
They are going.


Some examples:


आप अभी क्या कर रहे हैं?
aap abhee kyaa kar rahe hain
What are you doing now?
मैं कुछ नहीं कर रहा हूँ.
main kuchh naheen kar rahaa hoon
I am doing nothing.
मैं बस टीवी देख रहा हूँ.
main bas Teevee dekh rahaa hoon
I am only watching TV.
चलो ठीक है, मैं जा रही हूँ.
chalo Theek hai, main jaa rahee hoon
OK, I am going (f).


Negative:

क्या आप मंदिर नहीं जा रहे हैं?
kyaa aap mandir naheen jaa rahe hain
Are you not going to the temple?
यह गाड़ी नही चल रही है.
yah gaaDee nahee chal rahee hai
This car is not working.
मैं ऐसे नहीं सोच रहा हूँ.
main aise naheen soch rahaa hoon
I am not thinking like that.
मैं अभी घर नहीं जा रही हूँ.
main abhee ghar naheen jaa rahee hoon
I am not going home right now (f).




Hindi verbs 2 (Imperfective Present Tense)

The Imperfective Present Tense (Simple Present)

                                                               
The imperfective present tense is used to express regular events and habits, such as: “I like India”, “I study Hindi”, “We live on the second floor”, “I don’t eat meat”, “I dislike traffic jams”.
The following is a conjugation chart for imperfective present tense:


मैं जाता हूँ
main jaataa hoon
I go.
मैं जाती हूँ
main jaatee hoon
I go.
आप जाते हैं
aap jaate hain
You go (polite)
आप जाती हैं
aap jaatee hain
You go (polite)
तुम जाते हो
tum jaate ho
You go (friendly)
तुम जाती हो
tum jaatee ho
You go (friendly)
तू जाता है
too jaataa hai
You go (very informal)
तू जाती है
too jaatee hai
You go (very informal)
यह/वह जाता है
yah/vah jaataa hai
He goes.
यह/वह जाती है
yah/vah jaatee hai
She goes


हम जाते हैं
ham jaate hain
We go.
हम जाती हैं
ham jaatee hain
We go.
आप जाते हैं
aap jaate hain
You go (polite)
आप जाती हैं
aap jaatee hain
You go (polite)
तुम जाते हो
tum jaate ho
You go (friendly)
तुम जाती हो
tum jaatee ho
You go (friendly)
ये/वे जाते हैं
ye/ve jaate hain
They go.
ये/वे जाती हैं
ye/ve jaatee hain
They go.

Negative:

मैं घर नहीं जाता।
main ghar naheen jaataa
I don't go home (m).
में घर नहीं जाती।
main ghar nahee jaatee
I don't go home (f).
वह कभी नहीं बोलता।
vah kabhee naheen boltaa
He never speaks.
वह कभी नहीं बोलती।
vah kabhee naheen boltee
She never speaks.
यह घर नहीं है।
yah ghar naheen hai
It is not this house.
वे लोग नहीं हैं।
ve log naheen hain
They are not those people.


A strange green stone on the way to the Himalayas (photo: Aditya)