Friday, December 31, 2010

Pronouns



PERSONAL PRONOUNS:
 
मैं
 main
 I 
आप
 aap
 you (polite) 
तुम
 tum
 you (informal) 
तू
 too
 you (very informal) 
यह
 yah
 he/she/it/this 
वह
 vah
 he/she/it/that 
हम
 ham
 we 
आप
 aap
 you 
वे
 ve
 they/those 
ये
 ye
 they/these

POSSESSION PRONOUNS:

(The ending of a possession pronoun agrees with the subject, not the speaker.) 
For example:
मेरा बेटा
meraa beTaa
my son
(speaker can be father and mother)
तुम्हारी बेटी
tumhaaree  beTee
your daughter
(addresse can be father and mother)
इसका पति
iskaa pati
her husband

उनकी पत्नी
unkee patnee
his wife

हमारा भाषा
hamaaraa bhaashaa
our language

तेरा पिता-जी
teraa pitaa-jee
your father 



On the way to Himalayas (photo: Aditya)

मेरा
 meraa
 my (m) 

मेरी
 meree
 my (f) 

मेरे
 mere
 my (pl)





आपका
 aapkaa
 yours (m)

आपकी
 aapkee
 yours (f)

आपके
 aapke
  yours (pl)





तुम्हारा
 tumhaaraa
 yours (m)

तुम्हारी
 tumhaaree
 yours (f)

तुम्हारे
 tumhare
 yours (pl)





तेरा
 teraa
 yours (m)

तेरी
 teree
 yours (f)

तेरे
 tere
 yours (pl)





इसका
 iskaa
 his/hers/its  (m)

इसकी
 iskee
 his/hers/its  (f)

इसके
 iske
 his/hers/its  (pl)





उसका
 uskaa
 his/hers/its  (m)

उसकी
 uskee
 his/her/its  (f)

उसके
 uske
 his/her/its  (pl)









हमारा
 hamaaraa
 ours (m)  

हमारी
 hamaaree
 ours (f) 

हमारे
 hamaare
 ours (pl) 





आपका
 aapkaa
 yours (m) 

आपकी
 aapkee
 yours (f) 

आपके
 aapke
 yours (pl)





इनका
 inkaa
 theirs (m)
 (close) 
इनकी
 inkee
 theirs (f)

इनके
 inke
 theirs (pl)





उनका
 unkaa
 theirs (m)
 (far) 
उनकी
 unkee
 theirs (f)

उनके
 unke
 theirs (pl)



































































































































































































3 comments:

Anonymous said...

Thank you for giving us this knowledge, it is very helpful!
Please, could you explain why there are three different words for "yours", and when to use each of them? The same with his/her/its.
Thank you!

CrazyLassi said...

OK, so shortly:

"Aap" is used: when talking to an elder person male or female, or to a group of people that we want to show respect to. It's like French "Vous". "Aap log" is commonly used, means "you; you people, respectful).

"Tum" is used: when talking to friends or a group of people that we are familiar with such as siblings, cousins, sometimes parents and grandparents if we love them and we know they wouldn't mind. Usually avoid using it when wanting to show extreme respect. It's a casual way to address after all. It can also be used in plural like "tum log" (you; you people).

"Too" is used: this is the least respectful word. It can be used with small kids though, people of lower class* (I don't do that). Or usually used in rougher language.

-----------------

With his/her/its:

The only thing to note down here is that "iskaa/iskee" means "his/hers" that are close to us at the time of speaking.

"Uskaa/uskee" means "his/hers" that are far from us at the time of speaking.

Same with "inkaa/inkee" and "unkaa/unkee" which means "their/theirs".

Anonymous said...

Yes, it is clear to me now.
I didn't realise that "आप" corresponds to "आपका" (m), "आपकी" (f) and "आपके" (pl). And the same with tum and too.

Thanks again! :)

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